CP Asymmetry in Charged Higgs Decays to Chargino-Neutralino

We analyze the charge-parity (CP) asymmetry in the charged Higgs boson decays to chargino-neutralino pairs, H^- -> chargino_i + neutralino_j. We show first that these modes have a large branching ratio for m_H^- > 600 GeV. We use Cutkosky rules to obtain the analytical formulas needed for the evaluation of the asymmetry under consideration. We then calculate the CP asymmetry in chargino-neutralino decays by including supersymmetric mass bounds, as well as constraints from b -> s gamma, (g-2)_mu, Delta\rho and electric dipole moments. Finally, we discuss observability of the asymmetry at the LHC by calculating the number of required charged Higgs events to observe the asymmetry for each decay channel. We show that the inclusion of constraints considerably reduces the projected CP asymmetry, and that the optimal channel for observing the asymmetry is H^- -> chargino_1 + neutralino_2.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, one tabl

An Algorithm for Odd Graceful Labeling of the Union of Paths and Cycles

In 1991, Gnanajothi [4] proved that the path graph P_n with n vertex and n-1 edge is odd graceful, and the cycle graph C_m with m vertex and m edges is odd graceful if and only if m even, she proved the cycle graph is not graceful if m odd. In this paper, firstly, we studied the graph C_m $\cup$ P_m when m = 4, 6,8,10 and then we proved that the graph C_ $\cup$ P_n is odd graceful if m is even. Finally, we described an algorithm to label the vertices and the edges of the vertex set V(C_m $\cup$ P_n) and the edge set E(C_m $\cup$ P_n).Comment: 9 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa

Synthesis and Characterization of a Long-Acting Emtricitabine Prodrug Nanoformulation

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy led to a paradigm shift in the management of HIV/AIDS changing a disease considered “a death sentence” to “a manageable chronic disease”. Nevertheless, challenges exist for successful treatment of HIV, including patient adherence to the complex daily regimens and the inability of current formulations to target viral sanctuaries. Introduction of nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a promising alternative to tackle these challenges. Our laboratory has been focusing on developing long-acting (LA) nanoformulated antiretrovirals and has succeeded in developing LA integrase inhibitors. However, challenges for this approach extend to a range of short-acting hydrophilic drugs, mainly nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). To this end, we developed a one-step synthesis scheme to create a hydrophobic ester prodrug of emtricitabine (FTC), an NRTI that is a key component of the initial ART and of a reported pre-exposure prophylaxis measure. The nanoformulation process was optimized to prepare poloxamer 407-encased nanocrystals. To eliminate HIV from the viral sanctuaries, macrophages were harnessed as “Trojan horses” for drug delivery and distribution to these difficult-to-reach sanctuaries. Nanoformulation of the FTC prodrug was facilitated by conjugating it to a long fatty acid chain, palmitoyl chloride. The resultant nanoparticles exhibited long-term stability, higher uptake and longer retention in macrophages, and these properties were translated into extended antiretroviral efficacy for 10 days. Moving this nanoformulation forward into animal studies showed sustained FTC blood concentrations of more than 20-times its EC50 at day 7 after a single intramuscular injection in rats, in contrast to undetectable levels following parent FTC injection. Furthermore, higher concentrations of FTC were observed in liver, spleen lymph nodes, and brain tissues. Interestingly, these results were mirrored by intracellular FTC triphosphate levels that were detectable for up to 10 days in vitro, and for 7 days in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in cells isolated from spleen and lymph nodes. We anticipate that this nanoformulation will further extend drug action in humans considering reported species differences in plasma esterase activities. Also, these improvements aided by medicinal chemistry unveils new opportunities for LA FTC formulation and for other NRTIs as well. These simplified manufacturing strategies hold promises for bringing LA ART closer to clinical translation

Beyond the global financial crisis: central banking in a new global financial system

Since the outbreak of the global crisis in mid 2007, there has been an extensive discussion on root causes. Some blame the greed and corruption of financial actors. Others put the blame on central bankers for easy money or regulators who remained idle as too much risks accumulated in financial markets. According to advanced economies, global imbalances have been caused by emerging surplus countries that keep their currency undervalued and their domestic consumption restricted. It is unfortunate that all these arguments and counter arguments, which may be valid in their own way, prevents a more general discussion on the deep-seated conflicts and contradictions in the global economic, social and political paradigm upon which the world order is built. To put it another way, the problems we face today do not arise from some operational failures, but from the system itself and the underlying philosophical framework. In fact this is a crisis of three main pillars of our existing system: the crisis of the economic theory, the crisis of the globalization, and the crisis of market based financial system.global financial crisis, economic theory, financial system

Karakteristik Kemiskinan dan Penanggulangannya di Kabupaten Sidoarjo

Secara umum pertumbuhan ekonomi digunakan sebagai indikator untuk melihat keberhasilan pembangunan di suatu wilayah. Melalui pertumbuhan diharapkan masalah-masalah seperti pengangguran, kemiskinan, dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan dapat terpecahkan. Namun dalam kenyataanya tidak demikian. Hal ini terjadi karena angka-angka yang ditunjukkan oleh pendapatan domestik dan nasional bruto kurang peka dalam mengungkapkan masalah-masalah kemiskinan dan pengangguran. Salah satu aspek yang tidak kalah penting dalam melihat kinerja pembangunan adalah efektifitas penggunaan sumber daya yang ada. Sejauh mana angkatan kerja yang tersedia diserap oleh lapangan pekerjaan yang ada. Semakin banyak angkatan kerja maka secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat

Why did it work this time: a comparative analysis of transformation of Turkish economy after 2002

Turkey had several unsuccessful stabilization efforts during 1980s and 1990s. Thanks to policies that were put into practice after the 2001 crisis, which constitutes a turning point for Turkish economy, fiscal discipline was restored, single digit inflation was reached, and yet growth rate was doubled compared to the previous decade average. As a result investment climate improved and the economy benefited from substantial amount of foreign direct investment and other long-term capital inflows. However these developments had some adverse side effects as well. Real appreciation of domestic currency, deterioration of trade balance, and increasing private indebtedness generated vulnerability for sudden stops. Beside, increasing global integration and very rapid shift in the economic circumstances caused difficulties for traditional sectors. This paper analyzes the Turkish experience after 2001 and identifies underlying dynamics of the restructuring program, while denoting the costs of this transition. Turkish case provides evidence in favor of disinflation programs combined with sound fiscal policies in spite of some adverse effects in the short run.Turkish Economy, Crisis, Stabilization Policy, Macroeconomic Performance